martes, 22 de diciembre de 2015

8.1. Collocations

11 COLLOCATIONS

1. to achieve success : lograr el éxito
ej. Anne achieved success by graduating from Stanford with honors

2. bitterly disappointed :  amargamente decepcionado
ej. Jennifer was bitterly disappointed when she was not acceptet at Yale

3. booming economy : economía en auge (exitosa...)

4. brand awareness :conocimiento de la marca
ej. A.F.C concentrated its marketing on brand awareness

5. break a leg : expresión para desear buena suerte "good luck"
ej. Before Claudia gave her speech, her boss told her to "break a leg"

6. to break a promise : romper una promesa
ej. Julie broke a promise to take her baby sister skating on Saturday

7. to break a record : romper un récord
ej. Ahmed broke the record for time to run  the 100 meter  dash

8. to break someone's heart : romperle el corazón a alguien
ej. Lola broke Ian's heart when she went to the dance with Jared instead

9. to break the ice : romper el hielo
ej. Our boss always break the ice by talking  to clients about his children

10. to break the law : violar la ley
ej. The accountant broke the law by transferring company funds into his own  bank account

11. Pursuit of happiness * : búsqueda de la felicidad
ej. The pursuit of happiness is the right that you have to live your life in a way that brings you joy




QUESTION (ABOUT 11.)
* Could you explain what the difference is among these three words upon using them as nouns?
in pursuit of happiness
in search of happiness
in quest of happiness

ANSWER:

'Pursuit' has a connotation of chasing down something, for example, the police might be in pursuit of a fugitive.

A 'quest' has the connotation of an epic story.

A 'search' is the least strong of the three, and the most 'general' sounding, i.e. it could be applied to most situations. You could be 'searching' for your car keys, but you wouldn't be 'in pursuit of' or 'on a quest for' them unless you were making a joke.

I would say, in terms of strength, they could be ranked:

1. Quest (strongest)
2. Pursuit
3. Search (least strong)

Fuente150 Useful Collocations, Idioms, and Phrasal Verbs. H. E. Colby

8. Collocations. Exercises

1He spoke English with a ........ French accent.
average
careless
widespread
pronounced
chronic

2His new novel has met with ........ acclaim.
careless
dreadful
great
pronounced
wholehearted

3We need to make sure that there is enough ........ accommodation to house all the delegates.
careless
dreadful
yellow
luxury
wholehearted

4He gave us a ........ account of all that you had achieved over there.
ready
yellow
careless
luxury
glowing

5Could you please give me an ........ account?
itemised
dreadful
great
luxury
glowing

6We need to crack down hard on the ........ abuse of drugs.
average
outright
widespread
frenetic
careless

7He was able to predict what was going to happen with ........ accuracy.
itemised
uncanny
careless
luxury
glowing

8They've made some highly ........ accusations about us.
itemised
uncanny
damaging
luxury
glowing

9We need to find a new site with ........ access to the European motorway network.
ready
outright
widespread
pronounced
wholehearted

10This will probably be the ........ achievement of her career.
itemised
uncanny
damaging
crowning
glowing

11I did all the groundwork on this project but he only gave me a ........ acknowledgement in his report.
itemised
uncanny
damaging
crowning
grudging

12I don't know him very well. He's just a ........ acquaintance.
casual
uncanny
damaging
crowning
grudging

13We're fighting for the ........ abolition of the death penalty.
average
outright
decisive
frenetic
chronic

14I'm afraid he was involved in a ........ accident.
ready
dreadful
widespread
pronounced
wholehearted

15He invited me around to see his ........ acquisition, a new BMW.
casual
latest
damaging
crowning
grudging

16We need to take some ........ action before it is too late.
casual
latest
decisive
crowning
grudging

17He wasn't particularly good. He was of about ........ ability.
average
latest
decisive
frenetic
chronic

18I don't think we can succeed without the ........ acceptance of the unions.
average
polite
careless
pronounced
wholehearted

19There always a lot of ........ activity going on but nothing much seems to get done!
careless
latest
yellow
frenetic
grudging

20I'm afraid her husband has got a ........ addiction to gambling.
careless
latest
decisive
frenetic
chronic


Solución: 1d, 2c, 3d, 4e, 5a, 6c, 7b, 8c, 9a, 10d, 11e,12a,13b,14b,15b,16c,17a,18e,19d,20e.

















2

1I'm an ______ admirer of your work.
ardent
triumphant
stale
considerable
cast-iron






This new process is a ______ advance in technology.
ardent
significant
stale
considerable
cast-iron

3He knows the interviewer already and that will give him an ______ advantage over me.
ardent
significant
unfair
considerable
cast-iron

4I wouldn't upset him. He can be a ______ adversary.
ardent
significant
unfair
dangerous
cast-iron

5He gave me some ______ advice and I took it.
ardent
significant
unfair
dangerous
blunt

6We know very little about this. We need to bring in an ______ adviser to help us.
outside
significant
unfair
dangerous
blunt

7I don't like this at all. It's a really ______ affair.
outside
ugly
unfair
dangerous
blunt

8It's not a very challenging job. I only have to deal with ______ affairs.
outside
ugly
everyday
dangerous
blunt

9They don't always agree but I think there is a bond of ______ affection between them.
outside
ugly
everyday
deep
blunt

10It seems no time at all since I started work and here I am at ______ age.
outside
ugly
everyday
deep
retirement

11That type of behaviour was possible in a ______ age but we are more tightly regulated these days.
bygone
ugly
everyday
deep
retirement

12I don't trust him. I think he has a ______ agenda.
bygone
hidden
everyday
deep
retirement

13We cannot tolerate this sort of ______ aggression from a competitor in one of our key markets.
bygone
hidden
naked
deep
retirement

14We have a ______ agreement with them and we must respect it.
bygone
hidden
naked
binding
retirement

15I think they must be providing them with some kind of ______ aid. But I don't know what.
bygone
hidden
naked
binding
covert

16I agree with the ______ aims of what you are trying to do but not with some of the details.
broad
hidden
naked
binding
covert

17I'm sure he's got the job. He's walking around with a ______ air.
broad
triumphant
naked
binding
covert

18You need to open the windows and get rid of the ______ air in here.
broad
triumphant
stale
binding
covert

19The problems in Tokyo have caused ______ alarm on Wall Street.
broad
triumphant
stale
considerable
covert

20He definitely wasn't there. He has a ______ alibi.
broad
triumphant
stale
considerable
cast-iron
 Solución: 1a,2b,3c,4d,5e,6a,7b,8c,9d,10e,11a,12b,13c,14d,15e,16a,17b,18c,19d,20e.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


1We need to carry out a detailed ______ of the project before we go any further.
amount
analysis
alarm
alternative
ambition

2The news of the merger and the threat of job losses has caused considerable ______ among the work force.
allusion
allowance
alarm
applause
application

3If we let the unions decide everything, there will be complete ______ . It just won't work.
amount
analysis
anarchy
alternative
ambition

4I think he had been very unhappy for some time. He suddenly exploded with pent-up ______ and was completely out of control.
amount
analysis
anarchy
anger
ambition

5David has a different way of looking at the world. He always sees things from an unusual ______ .
amount
analysis
anarchy
anger
angle

6Deborah and Simon can't stand each other. There is deep ______ between them.
animosity
analysis
anarchy
anger
angle

7Everybody knows already but there will be a formal ______ later this morning.
animosity
announcement
anarchy
anger
angle

8I don't know what she earns exactly but I do know it is a vast ______.
amount
allowance
alarm
alternative
ambition

9In the factory, men are getting paid more than women and we need to do away with this ______.
animosity
announcement
anomaly
anger
angle

10I expect you to give me a straight ______ to this.
animosity
announcement
anomaly
answer
angle

11In costing this, I think we need to make generous ______ for the probable delays in getting planning permission.
allusion
allowance
appetite
applause
application

12I think we should look round for a feasible ______ .
allusion
allowance
alarm
alternative
application

13I think you need to make a full ______ to her for your sexist behaviour.
animosity
announcement
anomaly
answer
apology

14He made an emotional ______ to keep his job but he'd made too many mistakes and I had to let him go.
appeal
announcement
anomaly
answer
apology

15We didn't think she would come and so we were delighted when she put in an unexpected ______ at our party.
appeal
appearance
anomaly
answer
apology

16He seems to be devoured by overwhelming ______ .
allusion
allowance
alarm
alternative
ambition

17Microhard seem to have a healthy ______ for taking over innovative companies.
appeal
appearance
appetite
answer
apology

18In his speech he made a flattering ______ to your work.
allusion
appearance
appetite
applause
application

19The announcement was made to deafening ______ .
appeal
appearance
appetite
applause
apology

20If you want the job, you're going to have to put in a formal ______ .
appeal
appearance
appetite
applause
application





lunes, 21 de diciembre de 2015

8. Collocations

What is a collocation?

A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:
natural English...unnatural English...
the fast train
fast food
the quick train
quick food
a quick shower
a quick meal
a fast shower
a fast meal

Why learn collocations?

  • Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
  • You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
  • It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as single words.

How to learn collocations

  • Be aware of collocations, and try to recognize them when you see or hear them.
  • Treat collocations as single blocks of language. Think of them as individual blocks or chunks, and learn strongly support, not strongly + support.
  • When you learn a new word, write down other words that collocate with it (remember rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
  • Read as much as possible. Reading is an excellent way to learn vocabulary and collocations in context and naturally.
  • Revise what you learn regularly. Practise using new collocations in context as soon as possible after learning them.
  • Learn collocations in groups that work for you. You could learn them by topic (time, number, weather, money, family) or by a particular word (take action, take a chance, take an exam).
  • You can find information on collocations in any good learner's dictionary. And you can also find specialized dictionaries of collocations.

Types of collocation

There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
  • adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
  • adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
  • noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
  • noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
  • verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
  • verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
  • verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)



There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.
1. adverb + adjective
  • Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
  • We entered a richly decorated room.
  • Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
  • The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
  • The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
  • He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
  • Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
  • The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
  • I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
  • The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
  • Snow was falling as our plane took off.
  • The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
  • The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
  • I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
  • He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression with preposition
  • We had to return home because we had run out of money.
  • At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
  • Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
  • She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
  • Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
  • I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.

Common Collocations

On this page you can find a few short lists of common collocations to give you more of an idea about them. Many good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of collocations, though these are more difficult to find.

Verb collocations

havedomake
have a bath
have a drink
have a good time
have a haircut
have a holiday
have a problem
have a relationship
have a rest
have lunch
have sympathy
do business
do nothing
do someone a favour
do the cooking
do the housework
do the shopping
do the washing up
do your best
do your hair
do your homework
make a difference
make a mess
make a mistake
make a noise
make an effort
make furniture
make money
make progress
make room
make trouble
takebreakcatch
take a break
take a chance
take a look
take a rest
take a seat
take a taxi
take an exam
take notes
take someone's place
take someone's temperature
break a habit
break a leg
break a promise
break a record
break a window
break someone's heart
break the ice
break the law
break the news to someone
break the rules
catch a ball
catch a bus
catch a chill
catch a cold
catch a thief
catch fire
catch sight of
catch someone's attention
catch someone's eye
catch the flu
paysavekeep
pay a fine
pay attention
pay by credit card
pay cash
pay interest
pay someone a compliment
pay someone a visit
pay the bill
pay the price
pay your respects
save electricity
save energy
save money
save one's strength
save someone a seat
save someone's life
save something to a disk
save space
save time
save yourself the trouble
keep a diary
keep a promise
keep a secret
keep an appointment
keep calm
keep control
keep in touch
keep quiet
keep someone's place
keep the change
comegoget
come close
come complete with
come direct
come early
come first
come into view
come last
come late
come on time
come prepared
come right back
come second
come to a compromise
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an end
come to a standstill
come to terms with
come to a total of
come under attack
go abroad
go astray
go bad
go bald
go bankrupt
go blind
go crazy
go dark
go deaf
go fishing
go mad
go missing
go on foot
go online
go out of business
go overseas
go quiet
go sailing
go to war
go yellow
get a job
get a shock
get angry
get divorced
get drunk
get frightened
get home
get lost
get married
get nowhere
get permission
get pregnant
get ready
get started
get the impression
get the message
get the sack
get upset
get wet
get worried

Miscellaneous collocations

TimeBusiness EnglishClassifiers
bang on time
dead on time
early 12th century
free time
from dawn till dusk
great deal of time
late 20th century
make time for
next few days
past few weeks
right on time
run out of time
save time
spare time
spend some time
take your time
tell someone the time
time goes by
time passes
waste time
annual turnover
bear in mind
break off negotiations
cease trading
chair a meeting
close a deal
close a meeting
come to the point
dismiss an offer
draw a conclusion
draw your attention to
launch a new product
lay off staff
go bankrupt
go into partnership
make a loss
make a profit
market forces
sales figures
take on staff
a ball of string

a bar of chocolate

a bottle of water

a bunch of carrots

a cube of sugar

a pack of cards

a pad of paper



viernes, 13 de noviembre de 2015

2. Vocabulary. Fashion: Clothes (level 1; level 2). Describing appearance.

2.2. Fashion

2.2.1 Clothes

2.2.1.1. Clothes  (level 1 and level 2)

a) The whole body

Outerwear:
--Coats (Kouts): Abrigos
--Trench coats: Gabardinas
-- Parkas (Pakas): Parka ( una gran chaqueta a prueba de viento con una capucha, diseñado para ser usado en climas fríos.)
-- Blazer (Bleisa): Chaqueta ligera
-- Jacket: Chaqueta
--Overcoat (ouvfakout): Gabardina
--Anorak: Anorak
--Raincoat: Abrigo impermeable
--Windbreaker (uinbreika): Cazadora
-- Bomber jacket: (bomba jaket) Bomber
-- Waistcoats (Ueistkouts): Chalecos
--Cape (Keip): Capa


Ropa:
--Jumpsuit: Mono
-- Dress: Vestido
--Tunic (tunek): Túnica
--Suit: Traje
--Tracksuit:Chandal
-- Black tie: (Blak tai) Traje de etiqueta
--Tailcoat (Teilkout): Frac
--Tuxedo (taksido) : Smoking



b) Headgear (Hatguea) (sombreros y demás tocados)

--Balaclava (balaklaba): Pasamontañas
--Hood: Capucha
--Bonnet (Bonet): Gorro
--Cap (kap): Gorra
--Baseball cap (béisbol cap): Gorra de béisbol
--Hat: Sombrero
-- Straw hat (strouhat): Sombrero de copa
-- Sailor hat: (sailohat) Sombrero de paja
--Helmet (helmet): Casco
-- Crash helmet: Casco protector (para motos)
-- Diving helmet: Casco de buceo
-- Space helmet: Casco espacial
-- Hard hat (Brit): Casco de seguridad (para building workers)
--Safety helmet (US)  (seiftihelmet): Casco de seguridad
-- Bowler hat (boulahat): Bombín
-- Panama hat: Sombrero de panamá


c) Tops

-- Blouse (blaus): Blusa
--Shirt (xet): Camisa
-- Sweatshirt: Sudadera
-- T-shirt: Camiseta
--Flannel shirt: Camisa de franela
-- Silk shirt: Camisa de seda
-- Velvet shirt: Camisa de terciopelo
--Jumper  (Brit): Jersey
--Sweater (US): Jersey
-- Vest (US): Chaleco
-- Vest (Brit): Camiseta sin mangas
--Pullover: Suéter de lana
--Jersey (jarsei): Jersey
-- Cardigan (Kadigan): Rebeca

d) Bottoms

--Trousers (Brit): Pantalones
-- Pants (US): Pantalones

--Shorts: Pantalones cortos
-- Tight trousers: Pantalones ajustados
--Loose trousers: Pantalones anchos
-- Jeans: Tejanos/Vaqueros
-- Faded jeans /feidet jins/: Vaqueros desteñidos/descoloridos
-- Skinny jeans: Vaqueros ajustados
-- Flared jeans /flaat jins/: Vaqueros acampanados
-- High-waist jeans: Vaqueros de cintura alta
-- Low-waist jeans: Vaqueros de talle bajo
--Ripped jeans /ript jins/: Vaqueros rasgados

--Leggins: Mallas

-- High waist trousers: Pantalones de Talle alto (cintura alta)
-- Low waist trousers: Pantalones de Talle bajo (cintura baja)

--Skirt: Falda
--Sequinned skirt /sikuent sket/: Falda de lentejuelas
- Split skirt // culottes: Falda pantalón
--Pencil skirt: Falda lápiz
-- Straight skirt /streit sket/: Falda recta
--Tube skirt /tiup sket/: Falda de tubo
--Pleated skirt /plit sket/: Falda de tablas
--Flared skirt /flat sket/: Falda acampanada
--Skater skirt: Falda de patinadora
--Long skirt: Falda larga
-- Mini-skirt: Minifalda
--Denim skirt: Falda vaquera
--Leather skirt /leda sket/: Falda de cuero
--Faux leather skirt /fo leda sket/: Falda de cuero de imitación



e) Footwear (calzado)

--Shoes: Zapatos
--Boots: Botas
- Ankle boots: Botines
--Flip-flops: Chanclas, sandalias informales
--Sandals: Sandalias (pero más sofisticadas como de cuero o ante)
-- Wellingtons: Botas de agua


-- Trainers (Brit): Deportivas
--Sneakers (US): Deportivas

--Canvas shoes: Deportivas de caña alta

--Tennis shoes: Zapatillas de tenis

--Flat shoes (zapatos planos):
--Ballet shoes /balai xus/: Bailarinas
--Brogues /brouks/: Abarcas
--Pumps (US): Zapatos de salón
--Court shoes (Brit) /kout/: Zapatos de salón
--Boat shoe /bout/: Zapatos naúticos
--Flat shoes with tassels /tasals/: Zapatos planos con borlas

--High-heeled shoes (zapatos de tacones altos):
--Stilettos /stiletous/: Zapatos de tacón de aguja
--Platform shoes: Zapatos de plataforma


f) Special lingerie (lencería)

--Bra: Sujetador:
--Underwired bra /andauait bra/: Sujetador con aros
--Push-up bra /puxap bra/: Wonderbra
--Padded bra /padet bra/: Sujetador con relleno
--Strapless bra: Sujetador sin tirantes
--Lace bra: Sujetador de encaje
--Sports bra: Sujetador deportivo
--Triangle bra: Sujetador de triángulo
--Spaghetti strap bra: Sujetador con tirante fino tipo espagueti

--Cup-size: Talla de copa


--Knickers///Pants: Bragas /nikas/
--Granny pants /grani pants/: Bragas de abuela
--Chiffon knickers /xifon nikas/: Bragas de gasa
--High waist knickers: Bragas de cintura alta
--Low waist knickers: Bragas de cintura baja

--Thong /tonk/: Tanga
--Skirted thong /skatet tonk/: Tanga con faldón


--Tights: Medias
--Stocking: Media

--Woolen tights (Brit) /uolen taits/: Leotardo de lana
--Wooolen pantyhose (US) /uolen paintihous/: Leotardo de lana

--Socks: Calcetines

--Pants: Calzoncillos
--Slips: calzoncillos ajustados
--Boxers: calzoncillos tipo pantalones muy cortos, Boxers
--Boxer shorts: Boxers
-- Thong: Tanga

-- Ropa para bañarse
--Bathing suit: traje de baño
--Bikini: biquini
--Swimming costume /kostium/: traje de baño

g) Special nightwear

Nightdress(Brit): Camisón
Nightgown (US): Camisón

Pyjamas (Brit): Pijama
Pajamas (US): Pijama

Dressing gown: Batín o bata de andar por casa

Apron /eipren/: Delantal

Slippers /slipas/: zapatillas de andar por casa


h) Special children clothing
Dungarees /dangaris/: pantalón de peto
Bib dungarees: peto en si (con tirantes)
Braces /breises/: tirantes
Bib: babero
Short socks: calcetines cortos
Long socks: calcetines largos
Bonnet: gorro infantil (si es para mujer se traduce como gorra)
Mitten /mitan/: mitón (guante con dos secciones: una para el pulgar y la otra para los otros 4 dedos)
Hairpin /hapen/: Horquilla para el pelo
Badge /batx/: pin
Bootees /butis/: patucos
School uniform /skul iunifom/: uniforme escolar


i) Special parts of clothing

Sleeve Length: Largo de la manga
Short sleeve: Manga corta
Long sleeve: Manga larga
Three Quarter Lenght: Manga tres cuartos
Sleeveless: Sin mangas

Collar: Cuello

Turtleneck (Brit):Cuello vuelto o de tortuga (jersey)
Turtleneck (US) cuello alto (jersey)

Peter Pan Collar: Cuello Peter Pan
Square Collar /sque kola/: Cuello cuadrado

Collarless /kolales/: Sin collar

Low cut: escotado

Pocket /paket/: Bolsillo



j) Jewellery
Necklace /nekles/: Collar
Ring: Anillo
Wedding ring:  anillo de casado
Engagement ring /engueitxmen ring/: anillo de compromiso
Earrings /earings/: Pendientes
Bracelet /breaislet/:Pulsera
Hairpin /hapan/: Horquilla
Barrette /baret/: Pasador para el pelo



k) Accessories
Scarf: Bufanda
Glasses /glasis/: Gafas
Sunglasses /sanglasis/: Gafas de sol
Contact lens /kontact len/: Lentilla
Contact lenses /kontact lenses/: Lentillas
Glove /glop/: Guante
Handkerchief /hangkarchif/: Pañuelo de bolsillo
Tie: Corbata
Purse /pas/: Monedero
Badge /batx/: Pin
Handbag: Bolso
Umbrella: Paraguas
Walking stick: Bastón
Watch: Reloj
Zip: Cremallera
Button /batan/: Botón
Hair tie or hair band: Goma del pelo
Keyring /kiring/: Llavero
Lighter /laita/: Mechero
Lipstick /lipstik/: Pintalabios
Bow tie: Pajarita



l) Special bags


barrel-handbagBolsos Barrel:
Su traducción literal es Barril por su forma redondeada, no confundir con los bolsos baguette en español, los cuales aunque son alargados suelen ser planos. Ni con los llamados en español Baulitos que no tienen su fondo redondo como los Barrel.

hobo-handbagBolsos Hobo:
El Bolso Hobo suele ser de forma trapezoidal pero con su fondo en forma redondeada o curva. El tamaño habitual de este tipo de bolso en grande por lo que tienden a ser Maxi Bolsos. Es un bolso donde la caída tiene gran importancia en su diseño.

clutch-handbagBolsos Clutch:
Literalmente en ingles embrague, es el bolso de mano excelencia o también llamado bolso de fiesta. Pequeño y no suele llevar asa, pero comúnmente lleva cadena a modo de asa.
Son los bolsos y carteras de mano. De tela, cuero, plástico o incluso metacrilato, ¡todo vale cuando hablamos de clutchs!

Satchel-handbagBolsos Satchel:
Un modelo de este tipo de bolsos esta tan de moda últimamente, que prácticamente utilizamos esta palabra para ese modelo en especial. Se trata de los bolsos inspirados en las antiguas carteras de colegial. Los podréis ver en todo tipo de colores y materiales.

bolsos-DrawstringBolsos Drawstring:
Muy fácil de definir, se trata del bolso que cierra a modo de Petate militar o como escuchamos en alguna ocasión Bolsa de Buda. Se trata de un bolso con un cordón a modo de cierre que podemos ver muchas veces en bolsos mochila.

bolso-shoulderBolsos Shoulder:
O bolso de hombro es en nuestra opinión una especie de cajón desastre aunque algunos profesionales se dirigen a este tipo de bolso a los que llevan bandolera.


bolso-flapBolsos Flap:
O de solapa, es un clásico con cientos de modelos famosos que tienen esta forma. Solapa que cubre parcial o totalmente su parte frontal y que suelen llevar un cierre o adorno como por ejemplo un pequeño candado.

bolso-toteBolsos Tote:
La forma más fácil de definirlo en español es Cesta. Por su doble asa puede ser confundido con el Double Handle. Pero si os fijáis bien sus casas son cortas y no suelen permitir colgarlo del hombro, aunque hay modelos que sí se puede. Muy habitual es que sus asas sean de bambú.

bolso-frameBolsos Frame:
Bolso muy clásico llamado así por su apertura. La apertura suele ser con herraje de boquilla, para que nos entendáis la forma de apertura del típico monedero de la Abuela. No confundir con algunos Clutch que abren igual ya que este es de mayor tamaño y tiene asas.

bolso-trapezoidBolsos Trapezoid:
Bolso con forma Trapezoidal, poco podemos decir más.


bolso-double-handleBolsos Double Handle:
Doble asa bolso con doble asa, no confundir con el Bolso tipo Tote. Ya que el Tote es un doble asa pero con asas normalmente más cortas.

Fuente:

http://ubrique.com/blog/tipos-de-bolsos/

ll) Colours

Red: Rojo
Burgundy red: Rojo burdeos

Blue: Azul
Midnight blue: Azul noche
Sky blue: Azul celeste
Navy blue: Azul marino

Yellow: amarillo
Amber yellow: amarillo ámbar

Green: verde
Emerald Green: verde esmeralda

Orange: naranja
Carrot orange: naranja zanahoria

Pink: rosa

Violet /baiolet/: violeta

Purple /parpal/: morado

Grey: gris

Brown: marrón

Golden: dorado
Silver /silba/: plateado

White: blanco
Ivory /aibori/: marfil

Black: negro



12) Materials

Cotton: algodón
Linen: lino
Polyester: poliéster
Silk: seda
Fur: piel (abrigo de pieles, por ejm)
Suede: ante
Leather: cuero
Sheepskin: piel vuelta (literalmente piel de carnero)
Tweed: Tejido de lana virgen escocesa, que es de textura irregular y peluda y tiene un aspecto rústico pero suave al tacto; se caracteriza por su jaspeado y por ser un tejido cálido, fuerte y resistente al desgaste.


13) Patterns (diseños)
Plain: liso
Striped /strait/: A rayas
Polka-dot: Lunares
Checked (chekt/: A cuadros
Tartan /tatan/: cuadros escoceses
Pleated /plitet/: plisado

Embroidered /embroidet/: bordado


Patterned (Brit) /patant/: Estampado
Print (US) /print/: Estampado

14)Styles and describing appearance

Bohemian: Bohemio

Boho chic /bohou txick/: El estilo Boho chic recoge todos los estilismos de inspiración bohemia y hippie, pero con un toque de glamour. Chalecos, sombreros, flecos, botas y plumas son su máximo exponente.

Heroin chic /harouin txick/: Estética de los años noventa que se caracteriza por tener la piel pálida y ojeras, inspirada en la drogadiccion.

Glam rock /glam rok/: Estética relacionada con el tipo de música rock, caracterizada por la ropa y el maquillaje extravagantes (flamboyant: extravagante).

Ad lib: Dicho de la ropa informal, cómoda, de colores claros, hecha con tejidos naturales. Un ejemplo de ropa o moda ad lib es la ropa ibicenca.

Naif: (Ingenuo) Que representa la realidad afectando la ingenuidad de la sensibilidad infantil y se caracteriza por una gran simplicidad en las formas y el uso de colores muy vivos.

Street style: Estilo de la calle.
Casual: casual, informal

Tailor made /teilo meit/: hecho a medida


Positive:
Elegant: elegante
Smart: inteligente
Loud: llamativo
Stylish: estiloso, a la moda e inteligente
Cute: mono
Chic: chic, elegante
Stunning: despampanante
Sassy: descarado
Classy: de buen tono
Glittery: brillante
Lovely: encantador
Goodly: hermoso
Fashionable: de moda
Neat: ordenado, pulcro, cada cosa en su lugar.
Flattering: ropa que te sienta bien, que te hace más atractivo de lo que eres.
Graceful: ropa que te hace parecer grácil, delicado...
Clean-cut: buena apariencia: limpio, ordenado, bien arreglado...
Immaculate: limpia y ordenada, casi perfecta
Glamorous: Atractiva y estimulante


Negative:
Sloppy /slopi/: descuidado
Bizarre /bazaa/: extraño/estrafalario
Old-fashioned: pasado de moda
Dowdy: desaliñado, negligente en el vestir
Crumpled: ropa arrugada
Unflattering: ropa que sienta mal, que te hace parecer menos atractivo de lo que eres.
Over-dressed: demasiado elegante o con ropa que le hace parecer demasiado inteligente.
Under-dressed: no suficientemente formal o atractivo.
Frumpy: aburrido y pasado de moda (especialmente con mujeres de mediana edat)
Nerdy: aplicado a gente inteligente que parece poco atractiva y aburrida




15)Sizes and measures (tamaños y medidas)

Medidas (measures)
Head measurement /mexument/ [cabeza]
Bust measurement [busto]
Chest measurement [pecho]
Waist measurement [cintura]
Hip measurement /hip mexument/ [cadera]


Tamaños (sizes)
Shoe size (tamaño del calzado)
Dress size (tamaño del vestido)

S: small: talla pequeña
M: medium: talla mediana
L: large: talla grande
XL: extra large: talla extragrande




16)Tipos de colecciones

CAPSULE COLLECTION /kapsul Kolekxan/
Colección cápsula: Una colección cápsula no es otra cosa que una colección creada por un diseñador famoso para otra firma que no sea la suya propia, y que a pesar de estar ideada por el diseñador externo, las prendas están confeccionadas por la marca que las venderá.

El ejemplo más claro de este tipo de colecciones es el de H&M, que cada cierto tiempo lanza al mercado una serie de colecciones diseñadas por grandes de la moda, a precios mucho más asequibles.

CRUISE COLLECTION /krus kolekxan/
Colección crucero:Cuando las colecciones crucero nacieron, estaban destinadas a aquellos millonarios que, huyendo del frio invierno, elegían como destino de sus vacaciones un crucero por zonas más cálidas, como el Caribe.

Sin embargo, a pesar de que hoy en día siguen estando destinadas a personas de gran poder adquisitivo, y están compuestas por prendas estivales y primaverales, existen dos colecciones crucero al año (primavera/verano y otoño/invierno), que se ponen a la venta antes que las colecciones de verano y una vez han acabado éstas, y cuya función principal es convertirse en la prenda perfecta para lucir en el tan complicado "entretiempo".




17)Verbos relacionados con la ropa


To wear /ueea/:vestir
To put on:ponerse
To take off:quitarse
To get dressed /get drest/:vestirse
To get undressed /get andrest/:desvestirse


 To tie: atar
To untie: desatar


To do up: abrochar
To undo: desabrochar

To fasten /fasan/: abrochar
To unfasten: desabrochar


To fit: encajar, sentar, ajustar (en ropa)
ejemplo:
-- I don't fit in my new shoes (No entro en mis zapatos nuevos)
-- My old hat doesn't fit anymore (Mi viejo sombrero no me sienta bien ahora)
--“Why my shoes don’t fit?”
-- Why is shoe fitting not so easy like to choose a small, medium, large or extra large shoe?

To fit es un verbo irregular:  Fit/fit/fit




18) ESPECIALES

UNBOTTONED SHIRT /anbotont xat/ : Camisa desabrochada

I unzipped my dress /anzipt/: Abrí la cremallera de mi vestido
I zipped  my dress /zipt/: Cerré la cremallera de mi vestido

-- Edge /etx/:borde (de vestido, de falda)
-- Hem /hem/: dobladillo (the edge of a piece of cloth or clothing that has been turned under and sewn)




 
DICCIONARIO VISUAL












 
 
 
 
 
 
MATERNITY DRESS
 
 
 
BRA
 
 
 
SKIRT
-- Edge /etx/:borde (de vestido, de falda)
-- Hem /hem/: dobladillo (the edge of a piece of cloth or clothing that has been turned under and sewn)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EJERCICIOS

1. Rellenar los espacios vacíos con el nombre de las piezas de vestir (las soluciones están a continuación):





SOLUCIONES:




2.  Rellenar los espacios vacíos con el nombre de las piezas de vestir (las soluciones están a continuación):



























3. Responde a las preguntas:

3.1. ¿Cómo se llama al tipo de chaqueta que lleva esta chica?



Respuesta: BLAZER



2. ¿Cómo se llama el tipo de jersey que lleva esta chica?


Respuesta: Sweatshirt


3. ¿Cómo se llama al tipo de traje que lleva este hombre?


Respuesta: Tail coat (frac)

4. ¿Cómo se llama al tipo de chaqueta que lleva esta chica?

Respuesta: Windbreaker (Cazadora)

5. ¿Cómo se llama al tipo de pantalones que lleva la modelo?
Respuesta: Skinny jeans (vaqueros ajustados)

6. ¿Cómo se llama a este tipo de calzado?
Respuesta: Ankle boots (Botines)


7. ¿Cómo se llama a esta prenda?


Respuesta: Swimsuit (Traje de baño)


8. ¿Cómo se llama esta prenda?



Respuesta: Swim trunks


9. ¿Cómo se llama esta prenda de vestir?







Respuesta: Parka

10. ¿Cómo se llama este tipo de prenda de vestir?


Respuesta:  Bomber (tipo de chaqueta)

11. ¿Cómo se llama la prenda que lleva el niño de la primera foto y la prenda de la segunda foto?

Respuesta: DUNGAREES

RESPUESTA: OVERALLS

12. ¿Cómo se llaman este tipo de zapatos (para ir bien vestido)?



Respuesta: DRESS SHOES


13. ¿Cómo se llama esta pieza de vestir?

Respuesta: WIND BREAKER

14. ¿Cómo se llama esta pieza de vestir?

Respuesta: NYLONS


15. ¿Cómo se llama esta pieza de vestir?



Respuesta: CARDIGAN


16. ¿Cómo se llaman estas piezas de bisutería?
Respuesta: EARRINGS

17. ¿Cómo se llama este conjunto?



Respuesta: TRACKSUIT o SWEAT SUIT


18. ¿Cómo se dice la dobladillo en inglés?




Respuesta: Hem






**(no confundir con Hen, que significa gallina o con "hen party" despedida de soltera)



19. Completa las frases con las siguientes palabras.

Crumpled, dowdy, fashionable, flattering, neat, old-fashioned, stylish, unflattering.

If your clothes are:

1. ......,   they are not modern.
2. ........, they are popular at a particular time
3.........,  they are tidy and ordered with everything in its place.
4. ........, they are unattractive and not Smart, often because they are old-fashioned.
5. ........, they make your look more attractive than you are.
6.........., they are full of irregular folds.
7. ........., they are fashionable and Smart
8..........., they make you look less attractive than you are.


Respuesta: 1. old-fashioned.  2. fashionable.  3. neat  4. dowdy  5. flattering  6. crumpled  7. stylish
8. unflattering



Para hacer más ejercicios:

https://quizlet.com/subject/clothes/